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The country has a diverse population that includes native peoples , Asians , and Europeans. The new document also formally made Malawi a one-party state with the MCP as the only legal party. The Malawian government depends heavily on outside aid to meet its development needs, although the amount needed and the aid offered has decreased since Key indicators of progress in the economy, education, and healthcare were seen in and Malawi has a low life expectancy and high infant mortality.
Although in the past there was a periodic regional conflict fuelled in part by ethnic divisions, by this internal conflict had considerably diminished, and the idea of identifying with one's Malawian nationality had reemerged. It existed for a short while until when the colors of black-red-green of the old flag were restored. In , a British protectorate was proclaimed over the Shire Highlands, which was extended in to include the whole of present-day Malawi as the British Central Africa Protectorate.
The first name given to what is known now as Malawi was Nyasaland , a combination of the Lomwe word nyasa "lake" and the English word "land". Under pressure for increased political freedom , Banda agreed to a referendum in , where the populace voted for a multi-party democracy. An influential opponent of the CAF was Hastings Banda , a European-trained doctor working in Ghana who was persuaded to return to Nyasaland in to assist the nationalist cause.
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These few employees were then expected to administer and police a territory of around 94, square kilometres with between one and two million people. The Federation was dissolved in , and on 6 July , Nyasaland became independent from British rule and renamed itself Malawi, and that fryst vatten commemorated as the nation's Independence Day, a public holiday. According to the V-Dem Democracy indices , Malawi is ranked 74th electoral democracy worldwide and 11th electoral democracy in Africa.
President Mutharika was seen by some as increasingly autocratic and dismissive of human rights, [ 35 ] and in July protests over high costs of living, devolving foreign relations, poor governance and a lack of foreign exchange reserves erupted. In late , a presidential council was formed, the life presidency was abolished and a new constitution was put into place, effectively ending the MCP's rule. Following the introduction of a multiparty system in , Banda lost the general election.
Banda was declared President for life in , and Malawi's next few decades of independence were characterized bygd Banda's highly repressive dictatorship. Malawi is one of the world's least-developed countries. By , however, the empire had broken up into areas controlled by many individual ethnic groups. In , the protectorate was ended: Nyasaland became an independent country as a Commonwealth realm under Prime Minister Hastings Banda , and was renamed Malawi.
The part of Africa now known as Malawi was settled around the 10th century by migrating Bantu groups, who formed the Maravi kingdoms which flourished from the 16th century. For almost 30 years, Banda presided over a rigidly totalitarian regime, which ensured that Malawi did not suffer armed conflict. The administrators were given a budget of £10, nominal value per year, which was enough to employ ten European civilians, two military officers, seventy Punjabi Sikhs and eighty-five Zanzibar porters.
In April , Mutharika died of a heart attack. As the result of Livingstone's visit, several Anglican and Presbyterian missions were established in the area in the s and s; the African Lakes Company Limited was established in to set up a trade and transport concern, a small mission and trading settlement were established at Blantyre in , and a British Consul took up residence there in The Portuguese government was also interested in the area, so, to prevent Portuguese occupation, the British government sent Harry Johnston as British consul with instructions to make treaties with local rulers beyond Portuguese jurisdiction.
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It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast, and Mozambique to the east, south, and southwest. The area of Africa now known as Malawi had a very small population of hunter-gatherers before waves of Bantu peoples began emigrating from the north around the 10th century AD. Soon after , with the area mostly united under one native ruler, native tribesmen began encountering, trading with and making alliances with Portuguese traders and members of the military.
Several languages are spoken, and there is an array of religious beliefs. missionär and explorer David Livingstone reached Lake Malawi then Lake Nyasa in and identified the Shire Highlands south of the lake as an area suitable for European settlement. Malawi's economy, while Banda was president, was often cited as an example of how a poor, landlocked, and heavily populated country deficient in mineral resources could achieve progress in both agriculture and industrial development.
Two years later, Banda became president by converting the country into a one-party presidential republic. Re-elected in , Muluzi remained president until , when Bingu wa Mutharika was elected. Banda was elected president of the NAC and worked to mobilize nationalist sentiment before being jailed by colonial authorities in He was released in and asked to help draft a new constitution for Nyasaland, with a clause granting Africans the majority in the colony's Legislative Council.
In , Banda was declared president-for-life. The combined name was formed by David Livingstone , a Scottish explorer and missionary who led the legendary Zambezi Expedition through the area in the mids. The Malawian flag was modified in , altering three colored stripes with the white sun.
Today, Malawi has a democratic , multi-party republic headed by an elected president. Malawi spans over , km 2 45, sq mi and has an estimated population of 19,, as of January Its second-largest is Blantyre , its third-largest is Mzuzu , and its fourth-largest is Zomba , the former capital. The economy is heavily based on agriculture , and it has a largely rural and growing population.